Korean Pronunciation

Master Korean sounds, intonation, and speaking patterns

Korean Pronunciation Fundamentals

Korean pronunciation is more regular than English - once you learn the rules, you can pronounce most words correctly. Understanding Korean sounds and their patterns will dramatically improve your speaking ability.

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Phonetic Writing

Hangul is largely phonetic - letters represent sounds consistently, making pronunciation more predictable than English.

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Syllable Structure

Korean syllables follow clear patterns: consonant + vowel + (optional final consonant). This creates a rhythmic flow.

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Intonation Patterns

Korean uses rising and falling tones to express meaning, emotion, and sentence types (statements vs. questions).

Korean Vowel Sounds

Korean has 10 basic vowels. Each vowel has a consistent sound, unlike English where vowels can be pronounced differently in different words.

Basic Vowels (단λͺ¨μŒ)

ㅏ
[a]
Like "a" in "father"
κ°€ (ga) - go
Keep mouth wide open, tongue low
γ…“
[eo]
Like "u" in "cup"
μ–΄ (eo) - oh
Mouth slightly open, tongue centered
γ…—
[o]
Like "o" in "door"
였 (o) - come
Round lips, tongue back
γ…œ
[u]
Like "oo" in "moon"
우 (u) - we
Lips very rounded, tongue high back
γ…‘
[eu]
Like "i" in "bit" but longer
으 (eu) - hmm
Lips unrounded, tongue high center
γ…£
[i]
Like "ee" in "see"
이 (i) - this
Lips spread, tongue high front

Y-Vowels (y-glide)

γ…‘
[ya]
Like "ya" in "yard"
μ•Ό (ya) - hey
γ…•
[yeo]
"y" + "eo" sound
μ—¬ (yeo) - woman
γ…›
[yo]
Like "yo" in "yoga"
μš” (yo) - polite ending
γ… 
[yu]
Like "you"
유 (yu) - oil

Korean Consonant Sounds

Korean consonants have unique characteristics. Some change pronunciation depending on their position in the syllable, and understanding these patterns is key to proper pronunciation.

Basic Consonants

Stop Consonants

γ„±
[g/k]
Initial: [g] as in "go" Final: [k] as in "book"
γ…‹
[k]
Aspirated "k" with puff of air
γ„²
[kk]
Tense "k" sound

Nasal Consonants

γ„΄
[n]
Like "n" in "new"
ㅁ
[m]
Like "m" in "mother"
γ…‡
[ng/silent]
Initial: silent Final: [ng] as in "song"

Liquid Consonant

γ„Ή
[r/l]
Initial: flap [r] Final: [l] sound

Key Pronunciation Tips

πŸ”Š Aspiration

γ…‹, γ…Œ, ㅍ, γ…Š are aspirated - pronounce with a strong puff of air. Hold your hand in front of your mouth to feel the difference.

πŸ’ͺ Tense Consonants

γ„², γ„Έ, γ…ƒ, γ…†, γ…‰ are tense - pronounce with muscle tension in your throat. No aspiration, but very clear and sharp.

πŸ”„ Position Changes

Many consonants sound different at the beginning vs. end of syllables. Practice both positions for each consonant.

🎯 Final Consonants

Only 7 sounds can end Korean syllables: [k], [n], [t], [l], [m], [p], [ng]. Other letters change to these sounds.

Korean Sound Changes

When Korean sounds meet, they often change to make pronunciation easier. Understanding these patterns will help you sound more natural and understand spoken Korean better.

Consonant Assimilation

When different consonants meet, they often become similar to make pronunciation easier.

κ΅­λ¬Ό (guk-mul)
β†’
[gung-mul]
γ„± + ㅁ = γ…‡ + ㅁ
μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ (ip-ni-da)
β†’
[im-ni-da]
γ…‚ + γ„΄ = ㅁ + γ„΄

Palatalization

γ„· and γ…Œ become γ…ˆ and γ…Š when followed by γ…£ or y-vowels.

같이 (gat-i)
β†’
[ga-chi]
γ…Œ + γ…£ = γ…Š + γ…£
ꡳ이 (gud-i)
β†’
[gu-ji]
γ„· + γ…£ = γ…ˆ + γ…£

Tensification

After certain final consonants, following consonants become tense.

학ꡐ (hak-gyo)
β†’
[hak-kkyo]
γ„± + γ„± = γ„± + γ„²
λ°₯상 (bap-sang)
β†’
[bap-ssang]
γ…‚ + γ…… = γ…‚ + γ…†

Korean Intonation Patterns

Korean intonation conveys meaning, emotion, and sentence type. Learning these patterns will make your Korean sound more natural and help you understand spoken Korean better.

Statement Intonation

Korean statements typically have a falling intonation at the end.

μ €λŠ” ν•™μƒμ΄μ—μš” β†˜
I am a student. (falling tone)
였늘 날씨가 μ’‹μ•„μš” β†˜
The weather is nice today. (falling tone)

Question Intonation

Questions often have rising intonation, especially yes/no questions.

ν•™μƒμ΄μ—μš”? β†—
Are you a student? (rising tone)
뭐 ν•΄μš”? β†˜
What are you doing? (falling tone with question word)

Exclamation Intonation

Exclamations often have high pitch and strong stress.

와! 정말 μ˜ˆλ»μš”! β†—β†˜
Wow! It's really pretty! (high then falling)
λŒ€λ°•! β†—
Amazing! (high rising tone)

Korean Rhythm and Stress

Syllable-Timed

Korean is syllable-timed, meaning each syllable takes roughly the same amount of time to pronounce.

Word Stress

Korean doesn't have fixed word stress like English. Stress is usually on the final syllable or determined by grammar.

Sentence Stress

Important information gets stress through pitch changes and slightly longer duration.

Pronunciation Practice

Minimal Pairs Practice

Practice distinguishing between similar sounds that can change meaning.

ㅏ vs γ…“

감 [gam] persimmon
κ²€ [geom] sword

γ…— vs γ…œ

κ³  [go] go
ꡬ [gu] nine

γ„± vs γ…‹ vs γ„²

갈 [gal] go
μΉΌ [kal] knife
κΉ” [kkal] spread

Tongue Twisters (μž°λ§λ†€μ΄)

Practice difficult sound combinations with Korean tongue twisters.

κ°„μž₯ 곡μž₯ 곡μž₯μž₯
ganjang gongjang gongjangjang
soy sauce factory factory manager
λ‚΄κ°€ κ·Έλ¦° κΈ°λ¦° κ·Έλ¦Ό
naega geurin girin geurim
the giraffe picture I drew
μ°©ν•œ μ²™ν•˜λŠ” 척척박사
chakhan cheokhaneun cheokcheak baksa
doctor know-it-all pretending to be kind

Pronunciation in K-pop

K-pop offers excellent pronunciation practice! Artists often enunciate clearly for entertainment and international audiences.

🎀 Listening Benefits

Clear Articulation

Singers often pronounce words more clearly than in casual speech, making it easier to hear individual sounds.

Repetitive Practice

Song repetition helps reinforce pronunciation patterns and makes practicing more enjoyable.

Intonation Training

Music naturally teaches rhythm and intonation patterns of Korean speech.

🎡 Practice Strategies

Slow Practice

Listen to songs at slower speeds to catch individual sounds and pronunciation details.

Shadow Reading

Read along with lyrics while listening to practice timing and pronunciation simultaneously.

Focus on Ballads

Slower songs make it easier to hear and practice individual sounds and words.

Rap Sections

Korean rap clearly demonstrates natural speech rhythms and sound changes.

Common Pronunciation Mistakes

❌ English R/L Confusion

Using English R and L sounds for Korean γ„Ή
Solution: Korean γ„Ή is a flap sound - touch tongue tip lightly to roof of mouth, like Spanish "rr" but softer.

❌ Vowel Confusion

Pronouncing γ…“ like English "o" or γ…‘ like "u"
Solution: Practice pure vowel sounds without diphthongs. Korean vowels are "cleaner" than English ones.

❌ Final Consonant Release

Releasing final consonants with vowel sounds
Solution: Korean final consonants are unreleased - stop airflow without the "uh" sound.

❌ Ignoring Sound Changes

Pronouncing words as written without applying sound rules
Solution: Learn common sound change patterns and listen to native speakers for natural pronunciation.

Practice Your Pronunciation

🎡 K-pop Pronunciation

Practice pronunciation with K-pop lyrics and clear vocal examples.

Practice with Songs

πŸ“ Phrase Practice

Practice pronunciation with common Korean phrases and expressions.

Practice Phrases

πŸ“š Vocabulary Pronunciation

Practice pronouncing vocabulary words with our interactive study tools.

Study Vocabulary